Greece facts, information, pictures . Supplemental material has been added to increase coverage of minor cities, facts have been updated, and some material has been condensed. Readers are encouraged to visit the Department of State's web site at http: //travel. INTRODUCTIONGreek legend tells that Titans battling Olympian gods once hurled giant rocks at Zeus in an attempt to knock him out of the sky.

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Their missiles piled up to become the mountains which blanket Greece, and stray boulders splashed into the sea to form the islands that serve as stepping stones across the Aegean. In the past 3. 0 years, Greece has changed from an agrarian to a semi industrial economy, but on the few fertile plains and many rocky slopes of this tip of the Balkan Peninsula, farmers herd sheep or tend olive groves, wheat fields, and vineyards, as did their ancestors for a thousand years.

Each province preserves its traditional costume, brightening the festivals held in the small, square dominated villages. Throughout the storied isles of Greece- some 4. Aegean and Ionian Seas and account for a fifth of the nation's area- the white of house and church glints against the blue of sky, and men go down to the sea for sponges and fish. This seafaring tradition gives Greece the world's largest merchant tonnage- more than half of it registered under foreign flags for tax reasons. During the Bronze Age (3.

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BC) a maritime civilization flourished. By 8. 00 BC Greece was undergoing a cultural and military revival, with the evolution of city- states, the most powerful of which were Athens and Sparta.

This period was followed by an era of great prosperity known as the classical or Golden Age. During this time, a tradition of democracy was ushered in. The classical age came to an end with the Peloponnesian Wars (4. AD) in which the militaristic Spartans defeated the Athenians. Greece became a part of the Byzantine Empire in 3. AD. By the 1. 2th century, the Crusades were in full flight and Byzantine power was much reduced by invasions.

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For 2. 5 centuries a crossroads between Europe and Asia to both merchant and conqueror, Greece did not achieve political unity until rebellion brought independence after 4. Turkish rule in 1. The Acropolis in Athens stands as an enduring monument to the .

Below its marble ruins and glass- faced offices serve shipping, tourism, and flourishing light industries in a developing nation that still must import much of its food, machinery, and raw materials. The arts have been integral to Greek life since ancient times. In summer, Greek dramas are staged in the ancient theaters where they were originally performed.

Greek literature's ancient heritage spans poetry, drama, philosophical and historical treatises, and travel- ogues. Western civilization's mania for logic and . The city proper is built around the historic Acropolis and picturesque Lycabettus Hill. The Attica Plain is the ancient division which outlines the territory of Athens; it is agriculturally rich, but surrounded by semiarid hills and mountains.

Athens is the commercial, cultural, and political center of Greece. Like many larger U. S. Some northern suburbs are Psychico, Filothei, Kifissia, and Ekali. Old phaleron, Kalamaki, Glyfada, and Voula border the sea. The architecture of Athens varies from the antiquity of the Acropolis to the contemporary structures of the modern suburbs.

The city is burgeoning with construction, especially of apartment and office buildings in the downtown area. Like Boston, it is a . Install Webalizer On Ubuntu Server Desktop here. The northern suburbs are Psychico (Psyhiko), Philothei, Kifissia, and Ekali.

Old Phaliron, Kalamaki, Hellenikon, Glyfada, and Vouliagmeni are on the seafront. Ancient Athens began as a city- state in the seventh century B. C. It reached the height of its splendor two centuries later, during the time of its great statesman, Pericles, and of its philosophers and dramatists, Socrates, Anaxagoras, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes. During these years, the magnificent white marble Parthenon was built on the Acropolis. The Spartans captured Athens in 4.

B. C., during the Peloponnesian War and, although the city eventually. Athens eventually came under Macedonian and Roman rule, then was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1.

Turkish control until 1. It became the capital of modern Greece in 1. During World War II, the city was occupied for more than three years by the Germans. Food. On the local market, fresh meat, both local and imported, is cut in the European manner and is expensive; good pork and lamb are available. Local beef is not aged and lacks the tenderness of American beef.

Fresh chickens, eggs, and cheese are good buys. Many Greeks shop daily, so the local shopping centers are an important part of every neighborhood. Each has its own grocer, butcher, florist, greengrocer, pharmacy, and a fish merchant. Fresh produce, fruits, plants, eggs, and sometimes fish can also be purchased at the colorful weekly neighborhood farmers' markets.

Fish is available but expensive. The huge central market daily sells fresh meats, game, chicken, seafood, spices, and a surprising variety of other commodities.

A recent phenomenon is the neighborhood Greek equivalent to the U. S. Many of these establishments cater to the demands of clientele with international tastes, so they stock delicacies from around the world in addition to national products. Although some specialty items are expensive, there are also bargains.

In any case, there is almost nothing that cannot be found in the Greek food market. Greek bakeries offer a tasty variety of home- style bread from wheat to French and Arabic all made without preservatives. Sweet shops specialize in a variety of Greek pastries and European- style cakes and chocolates.

Health food stores are a new fad and located in many areas. Greek wines are plentiful, varied and inexpensive, and some of the finer ones compete well internationally. Clothing. Wardrobes for Greece should include hot and cold weather clothing similar to that worn in Washington, D. C., although outer wear for snowy conditions is not necessary, except in northern Greece and in mountainous areas.

Warm winter clothes and sweaters are necessary because apartments, houses, and some offices are not adequately heated. Summer clothing should be.

Shoes wear out quickly because of dust, dirt, and uneven pavements. Fashionable shoes in average sizes and widths are available and of good quality but are expensive. People with large, narrow, or wide feet or who are more comfortable in shoes with a special American brand should bring a good supply with them or order through mail- order companies. Men: Medium- to- heavyweight wool suits are most comfortable during late fall and winter. For outdoors, supplement these with a sweater or a medium weight coat. A lightweight raincoat is also useful.

One or two dark conservative suits are a must. Dark suits are worn year round for official functions, receptions, and informal dinners. In spring, summer, and early fall, lightweight suits of Orlon, Dacron, and tropical- worsted gabardine are ideal. English and good Greek woolens are available locally but are expensive. Since the weather is pleasant most of the year, bring informal sportswear (sport shirts, slacks, or jeans, loafers, etc.) for picnics, beaches, and at home. Order shirts, ties, underwear, pajamas, socks, etc., from the U. S. Slacks are popular casual attire.

Shorts are not popular unless on an island/beach. Dark cottons, shantungs, silks, and polyesters are worn during spring and fall. Suits and jacket dresses give versatility to clothes, particularly for changes of temperature and occasion. Wool dresses, suits, and sweaters are worn from October through April. Leather skirts, jackets, and coats are popular. Any cloth coat is appropriate in winter, as are fur coats. One or two raincoats are desirable.

European women dress fashionably, particularly for social occasions. Black is always in style for dressy occasions.

Simple dresses are suitable for cocktail parties.