Giving Permissions through Stored Procedures. An SQL text by Erland. Sommarskog, SQL Server MVP.

Latest Revision. 2. Copyright applies to this text. When designing an application for SQL Server, you rarely want users to have.

Many applications are. The. procedures perform validations of business rules to protect the integrity of. In this article I will in depth discuss three different ways to achieve this: Ownership Chaining. Signing Procedures with Certificates. Using impersonation with EXECUTE AS. I will also briefly cover three other ways: Application roles.

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Particularly, there were. RTM version of SQL 2. I don't touch, as. SQL 2. 00. 5 RTM or SP1.

So did I answer to my correspondent that he should grant his database owner AUTHENTICATE SERVER? I had a nagging feeling that there was something hiding here, and. Describes an update for the authentication certificate in System Center Configuration Manager Asset Intelligence.

You should have installed at least Service Pack 3 by now, if not. SP4.) If you are using SQL 2. SQL 2. 00. 5. Table of Contents.

Introduction. Overview. Notes on the Example Scripts. Some Philosophy on Security.

8 Configuring Secure Sockets Layer Authentication. This chapter describes how to configure and use the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS. Select the Manage tab, and select vCenter Single Sign-On > Users and Groups. Right-click the administrator user and click Edit User. Change the password. During my search, I found several ways of signing SSL Certificate Signing Request: Using the x509 module openssl x509 -req -days 360 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey. Event ID 705: Activation Failed appears when activating the Deep Security Agent (DSA).

Owner/Schema Separation. Statements. Creating Objects in a Schema. Ownership Chaining. How it Works. Example of Ownership Chaining. Not All Permissions are Transferable through Ownership Chaining.

Dynamic SQLCLR Modules. Cross- Database Access. Signing Procedures with Certificates. Using Certificates within a Database Creating the Certificate. Creating the Certificate User.

Granting Rights to the Certificate User. Signing the Procedure.

Putting it All Together. Who's Who? Using Certificates with Bulk Copy. Full Example for Bulk- load. CREATE CERTIFICATE FROM BINARY in SQL 2. Cross- Database Access. Counter Signatures.

Using Asymmetric Keys. Which Procedures are Signed by Which Certificates? Managing Certificates and Passwords.

Impersonation with EXECUTE ASThe Statement EXECUTE ASUsing EXECUTE AS to Grant Permissions within the Database. The Side Effects of EXECUTE ASWITH EXECUTE AS CALLER . This is the prime method for plain table. Two such cases that we will look at in this. SQL and reloading a table through BULK INSERT.

Due to its importance, ownership. I will cover in this article. SQL 2. 00. 5 introduced two new methods to give users access through stored. Update Service Activation Policy Vmware Workstation.

EXECUTE AS clause. Certificates are more complex to use, whereas EXECUTE AS can be. To wit, EXECUTE AS has some side effects that can be.

If you are a developer, this text tries to make you aware of what harm. EXECUTE AS could cause. And if you are a DBA, this. EXECUTE AS. Whereas the above- mentioned methods can be applied to individual procedures, application roles, . Before you start to run these scripts all over town, I like to point.

All these scripts assume that you are logged in with sysadmin rights. I strongly recommend that you run the examples on a development machine. Enable it with sp. You can perform. those actions manually if needed.

If the scripts run. That permits me to. The scripts create logins because it's difficult to. To contain everything into one script, I make heavily use of the.

AS and REVERT statements, although it will take until the second half of the. I discuss them in detail. For now, just think of them as an. If you. prefer, you can stop the scripts at EXECUTE AS, log into a second query.

REVERT. Before I go on to the main body of this text, I would like to make a short digression. Security is often in. You have users screaming. At this point, they don't really care.

But if you give them a. So as a programmer you. One common mistake in security is to think . I like to think of security of. Your initial design.

By having multiple lines of defence you can reduce the risk for this to happen. An integral part of this strategy is to never. Exactly what this means in this. I shall return to.

Before we look at any of the methods to grant permissions, we need to look at. SQL 2. 00. 5 which can be a bit breath- taking to users coming from. SQL Server. Since the dawn of time, SQL Server have permitted a four- part notation of.

But in SQL 2. 00. You may ask, what is this schema? The answer is that schema has. SQL 2. 00. 0, schema and owner was always the same. Say that for a larger application, there.

Each group could. In SQL 2. 00. 5 all schemas can have the. An example of a database with several schemas is the Adventure.

Works. database; the database which Microsoft use for all their samples since SQL 2. SQL Server comes with no less than 1.

That's a lot, but. SQL 2. 00. 0. For some reason you cannot drop the. Two schemas, sys and INFORMATION. Finally, there is the dbo schema, which is the only predefined schema. The tacky name is short for database owner.

There are several statements related to schemas and users, and I will give a brief. SQL 2. 00. 5, and the older system procedures from previous versions. To create a schema, you use not surprisingly CREATE SCHEMA, and most often. CREATE SCHEMA myschema. CREATE SCHEMA is one of these statements that must be alone in batch. That is. no statements can precede or follow it.

That may seem a little funny for such. CREATE SCHEMA which is more.

SQL 6. 5 and which serves a different purpose. They are both deprecated and will be removed eventually. There is an important difference between CREATE USER and.

CREATE USER creates a user whose default schema is dbo. On the other hand, sp. For. instance, you can say: CREATE USER thisdbonly WITHOUT LOGINThis creates a database user that is not tied to a login. In some of the the test scripts, I use this option. WITHOUT LOGIN can be.

We will look. at other options later in this article. There is also CREATE ROLE that replaces sp. That is, CREATE ROLE creates the role only. And while we are at it, there is a CREATE LOGIN.

As with CREATE USER, CREATE LOGIN has some new options, that we will come back to. Finally, there is DROP USER instead of sp. A little note here: if you have users created with sp. If you create objects in a schema that is owned by another user, the. This can be a bit of a surprise, but it's actually logical. Assume that all. developers of an application have their own user, while they create objects in a. For ownership chaining to work (which we look at in a second), all objects must have the same.

Else you would constantly have to change the ownership of the procedures. Ownership chaining is the classical way of giving users access to objects. SQL Server. And while SQL Server provides two.

How does ownership chaining work? Say that you have a procedure sp.

A. User C has. permission to execute sp. To be able run this procedure successfully. C needs SELECT permission on tbl.

Since. sp. 1 and tbl. Ownership chaining is also in effect in triggers. Now, this may seem a little complex to grasp, but in real life it is often a. In my experience, having several object owners in a database is. In very many cases, dbo, the database owner, owns all.

A common way to implement security in a database. When dbo owns all procedures and tables, users only need permissions to execute the.

Thanks to ownership chaining, they do not need any direct. But as we will learn soon, there are permissions. Note: in older versions of SQL Server, applications might have used different object owners in order to implement different namespaces, that is schemas. But since. in SQL 2. Here is an example script that demonstrates ownership chaining. Despite what. I said in the previous section about dbo owning everything, the.

Please refer to the introductory note about. USE master. - - Create a test user and a test database. As this is an example to demonstrate.

Note that testuser can run sp. Ownership chaining applies here as well.

Because sp. 2procowner has a different. Essentially, ownership. DML statements (SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE and MERGE) and.

EXECUTE of stored procedures and functions. If you put a statement like. CREATE TABLE into a stored procedure, the user must have permissions to. Same. goes for many other administrative commands.

A statement that is worth special mention here is TRUNCATE TABLE, which. DML statement; a quicker way to. But the permissions for this command are not. DELETE. although this is less efficient. Another example of a command where ownership chaining does not work is BULK. INSERT; this command requires a server- level permission.