Active Directory Architecture. Abstract. To use the Microsoft. Active Directory, new in the Windows 2.

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This paper introduces network administrators to Active Directory, explains its architecture, and describes how it interoperates with applications and other directory services. On This Page. Introduction. Active Directory Directory Service. Architecture. Interoperability. Summary. Appendix A: Tools. Introduction. Gaining an understanding of the Active Directory. This paper looks at Active Directory from the following three perspectives: Store.

Active Directory, the Windows 2. Server directory service, hierarchically stores information about network objects and makes this information available to administrators, users, and applications. The first section of this paper explains what a directory service is, the integration of Active Directory service with the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS), and how Active Directory is actualized when you designate a server as a domain controller. Structure. Using Active Directory, the network and its objects are organized by constructs such as domains, trees, forests, trust relationships, organizational units (OUs), and sites. The next section in this paper describes the structure and function of these Active Directory components, and how this architecture lets administrators manage the network so that users can accomplish business objectives. Inter- communicate.

Because Active Directory is based on standard directory access protocols, it can interoperate with other directory services and can be accessed by third- party applications that follow these protocols. The final section describes how Active Directory can communicate with a wide variety of other technologies. London Taxi Rush Hour English Pc Japan on this page. Active Directory Benefits.

The introduction of Active Directory in the Windows 2. Integration with DNS. Active Directory uses the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS is an Internet standard service that translates human- readable computer names (such as mycomputer.

In July 2014, Jeff Wouters (PowerShell MVP) released his Active Directory Health Check script. A little while ago, a user emailed me asking for help as the.

Internet Protocol (IP) addresses (four numbers separated by periods). This lets processes running on computers in TCP/IP networks identify and connect to one another. Flexible querying.

Users and administrators can use the Search command on the Start menu, the My Network Places icon on the desktop, or the Active Directory Users and Computers snap- in to quickly find an object on the network using object properties. For example, you can find a user by first name, last name, e- mail name, office location, or other properties of that person's user account. Finding information is optimized by use of the global catalog. Extensibility. Active Directory is extensible, which means that administrators can add new classes of objects to the schema and can add new attributes to existing classes of objects. The schema contains a definition of each object class, and each object class's attributes, that can be stored in the directory. For example, you could add a Purchase Authority attribute to the User object and then store each user's purchase authority limit as part of the user's account. Policy- based administration.

Group Policies are configuration settings applied to computers or users as they are initialized. All Group Policy settings are contained in Group Policy Objects (GPOs) applied to Active Directory sites, domains, or organizational units. GPO settings determine access to directory objects and domain resources, what domain resources (such as applications) are available to users, and how these domain resources are configured for use. Scalability. Active Directory includes one or more domains, each with one or more domain controllers, enabling you to scale the directory to meet any network requirements. Multiple domains can be combined into a domain tree and multiple domain trees can be combined into a forest.

In the simplest structure, a single- domain network is simultaneously a single tree and a single forest. Information Replication. Active Directory uses multimaster replication, which lets you update the directory at any domain controller.

Deploying multiple domain controllers in one domain provides fault tolerance and load balancing. If one domain controller within a domain slows, stops, or fails, other domain controllers within the same domain can provide necessary directory access, since they contain the same directory data. Information security. Management of user authentication and access control, both fully integrated with Active Directory, are key security features in the Windows 2.

Active Directory centralizes authentication. Access control can be defined not only on each object in the directory, but also on each property of each object. In addition, Active Directory provides both the store and the scope of application for security policies.

Because Active Directory is based on standard directory access protocols, such as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), it can interoperate with other directory services employing these protocols. Several application programming interfaces (APIs) —such as Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI)—give developers access to these protocols. At the end of this document, . Objects include shared resources such as servers, shared volumes, and printers; network user and computer accounts; as well as domains, applications, services, security policies, and just about everything else in your network. One example of the specific kinds of information a network directory might store about a particular type of object is that a directory typically stores a user's name, password, e- mail address, phone number, and so on, for a user account.

A directory service differs from a directory in that it is both the directory information source and the services making the information available and usable to administrators, users, network services, and applications. Ideally, a directory service makes the physical network topology and protocols (formats for transmitting data between two devices) transparent so that a user can access any resource without knowing where or how it is physically connected. To continue the user account example, it is the directory service that lets other authorized users on the same network access stored directory information (such as an e- mail address) about the user account object. Directory services can support a wide variety of capabilities.

Some directory services are integrated with an operating system, and others are applications such as e- mail directories. Operating system directory services, such as Active Directory, provide user, computers, and shared resource management. Directory services that handle e- mail, such as Microsoft Exchange, enable users to look up other users and send e- mail. Active Directory, the new directory service central to the Windows 2. Server operating system, runs only on domain controllers. Active Directory, in addition to providing a place to store data and services to make that data available, also protects network objects from unauthorized access and replicates objects across a network so that data is not lost if one domain controller fails.

Active Directory Incorporates DNSActive Directory and DNS are both namespaces. A namespace is any bounded area in which a given name can be resolved. Name resolution is the process of translating a name into some object or information that the name represents. A telephone book forms a namespace in which the names of telephone subscribers can be resolved to telephone numbers.

The Windows 2. 00. NTFS file system forms a namespace in which the name of a file can be resolved to the file itself.

DNS and the Internet. Understanding how Windows 2. Active Directory and DNS namespaces requires understanding a few basics about DNS itself and its relationship to the Internet and TCP/IP. The Internet is a TCP/IP network. The TCP/IP communications protocols connect computers and let them transmit data over networks. Every computer on the Internet or on any other TCP/IP network (such as many Windows networks) has an IP address.