Thuggee - Wikipedia. Thuggee. Group of Thugs around 1. Founded. Before 1. Named after. Hindi word for deceit. Founding location. Central India. Years active.

At least 4. 50 years. Territory. Indian subcontinent. Criminal activities.

Murder, robbery. Thuggee or tuggee (Hindi: Nepali . Thugs travelled in groups across the Indian sub- continent for six hundred years. The earliest authenticated mention of thugs appears in Ziy. They operated as gangs of highway robbers, tricking and later strangling their victims. Thugs were apparently destroyed by this effort.

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• The earliest known reference to the Thugs as a band or fraternity, rather than ordinary thieves, is found in Ziau-d din Barni's History of Firoz Shah.
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They would then rob and bury their victims. This led to the Thugs being called Phansigar (English: . Related words are the verb thugna (.

But not one of these did the sultan have killed. He gave orders for them to be put into boats and to be conveyed into the lower country, to the neighbourhood of Lakhnauti, where they were to be set free. The Thugs would thus have to dwell about Lakhnauti and would not trouble the neighbourhood of Delhi any more.— Sir HM Elliot, History of India, iii.

Guru Multhoo Byragee Jogee, a native of Ajmere aged 9. Murdan Khan and gang from Lucknow (1.

Membership was sometimes passed from father to son, as part of a criminal underclass. The leadership of established Thug groups tended to be hereditary, as the group evolved into a criminal tribe. Other men would become acquainted with a Thug band and hope to be recruited, as Thugs were respected by the criminal community and had a camaraderie of numbers and shared experience.

Robbery became less a question of solving problems associated with poverty and more a profession, like being a soldier. Sometimes young children of travellers would be spared and groomed to become Thugs themselves, since children would help allay suspicion. A fourth way of becoming a Thug was by training with a guru (similar to an apprenticeship for a guild or profession), during which the candidate could be assessed for reliability, courage, discretion and discipline.

Depending on the size of the target group, it might take hundreds of miles to reach a suitable place and time. There were variations on this method. When tackling a large group, a Thuggee band might disperse along a route and join a group in stages, concealing their acquaintanceship and eventually outnumbering their intended victims in small, non- threatening increments. If the travellers doubted any one party, they might confide their worries to another party of the Thuggee band; the trusted band would be best placed to deal with those members of the caravan at the appropriate time, or advise their colleagues to modify their behaviour to allay suspicion. The killing place needed to be remote from local observers, with no escape (for example, a riverbank). Thugs had favoured places of execution, known as beles, and knew their geography better than their victims did. Attacks were conducted at night or during a rest break, when travellers would be busy with chores and background noises would mask any sounds of alarm.

A quick, quiet method, leaving no stains and requiring no specialised weapon, was strangulation. This method, associated with Thuggee, led to the Thugs being called phansigars (. Usually two or three Thugs would strangle one traveller; they then needed to dispose of the bodies, either burying them or throwing them into a well. While the Thugs were doing so a tanner approached, . According to the Guinness Book of Records, the Thuggee cult was responsible for approximately two million deaths; British historian Mike Dash said that they killed a total of 5. Political scientist David C.

Rapoport estimated that 5. Thugs, making them the most destructive terrorist group in history. Feringhea brought Sleeman to a grave with a hundred bodies, told him the circumstances of the murders and named the Thugs who had committed them. The government of India established the Thuggee and Dacoity Department in 1. Sleeman its first superintendent. Thousands of men were imprisoned, executed or expelled from British India.

These informants were offered protection on the condition that they told everything that they knew. By the 1. 87. 0s the Thug cult was extinct, but the history of Thuggee led to the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) of 1.

Although the CTA was repealed at Indian independence, tribes considered criminal still exist in India. In Following the Equator, Mark Twain wrote about an 1. Install Java 8 Ubuntu 12 04 Xbox.

William Henry Sleeman. You have surmised from the listed callings followed by the victims of the Thugs that nobody could travel the Indian roads unprotected and live to get through; that the Thugs respected no quality, no vocation, no religion, nobody; that they killed every unarmed man that came in their way.

That is wholly true—with one reservation. In all the long file of Thug confessions an English traveller is mentioned but once—and this is what the Thug says of the circumstance. We studiously avoided him. He proceeded next morning with a number of travellers who had sought his protection, and they took the road to Baroda. In 1. 83. 0 the English found this cancerous organisation embedded in the vitals of the empire, doing its devastating work in secrecy, and assisted, protected, sheltered, and hidden by innumerable confederates —big and little native chiefs, customs officers, village officials, and native police, all ready to lie for it, and the mass of the people, through fear, persistently pretending to know nothing about its doings; and this condition of things had existed for generations, and was formidable with the sanctions of age and old custom. If ever there was an unpromising task, if ever there was a hopeless task in the world, surely it was offered here—the task of conquering Thuggee. But that little handful of English officials in India set their sturdy and confident grip upon it, and ripped it out, root and branch!

How modest do Captain Vallancey's words sound now, when we read them again, knowing what we know. Thugs considered themselves children of Kali (a Hindu goddess), created from her sweat. Without the Thugs' sacred service, Kali might destroy all humankind. In my opinion it is very bad, but what can she do, being ordered to subsist upon blood! He cites excavated corpses in graves whose locations were revealed to Sleeman's team by Thug informants. Dash examines Sleeman's extensive, thorough documentation, rejecting the colonial emphasis on a religious motivation for banditry and asserting that monetary gain was the primary motivation for Thuggee and men became Thugs due to extreme poverty. According to Dash, the Thugs were highly superstitious; although they worshipped the Hindu goddess Kali, their faith was little different from that of contemporary non- Thugs.

However, he notes that the Thugs had group- specific superstitions and rituals. Ameer Ali, the protagonist of Confessions of a Thug, was said to be based on Syeed Amir Ali. August 2. 00. 3. Los Angeles Times.^. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9. 78. 01. 95. Russell; R. B. H. The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India.

Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9. 78- 8. 1- 2. Retrieved 1. 9 April 2.

Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official by William Sleeman. Intelligence and imperial defence: British intelligence and the defence of the Indian Empire, 1. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Retrieved 1. 6 April 2. Gresh; Robert Weinberg (4 April 2.

Why Did It Have To Be Snakes: From Science to the Supernatural, The Many Mysteries of Indiana Jones. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. Retrieved 1. 6 April 2. What Terrorists Want (2.

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October 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. The Missionary Repository for Youth, and Sunday School Missionary Magazine. Paternoster Row, London: John Snow.

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