PPT – GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Power. Point presentation ? By Adrien T. Robinson 2.

Global Economic Monitor from The World Bank: Data. Power Generation Energy Efficient Design of Auxiliary Systems in Fossil-Fuel Power Plants. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines THERMAL POWER PLANTS DECEMBER 19, 2008 1 WORLD BANK GROUP Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for. Renewable and Ef. Masters Stanford University A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION.

Overview of Policy to Off- set Loss In Oil Imports. A Two- Stage Approach Short Term (Several Years to a Decade) - Expand Use of Known Geothermal Resources Using Currently Available Technologies Long- Term (Several Decades?) Develop, Improve Implement Technologies to Tap into Deep Geothermal Resources Supplement These Efforts By Providing Govt Subsidy, Clean Air Credits and Tightening Pollution Regulations 3. Overview of Policy Contd.

Short Term Highlights Achievable Goals Replace Current Oil Uses for Spacing Conditioning Provide Govt Subsidy to Minimize Capital Expenditure Justifiable Given the Environmental Benefits Develop Last of Known Shallow Geothermal Sources Capable of Electricity Generation Expansion of Electricity Generation up to 1. GW Overall, Offset Lost Energy 2- 1. Current Oil Imports 4. Overview of Policy Contd. Microsoft Office Xp Pro Incl Keygen Music here.

Long- Term Highlights Achievable Goals Develop, Improve Implement Technologies to Tap into Deep Geothermal Resources Magma and Near Core Fluids Capable of Replacing All Electricity Needs in U. S. Perhaps 2- 1. 0 Could Be Replaced in a Few Years to a Decade.

Long Term (Likely Decades) Capable of Replacing All Electricity Needs, Including All HVAC Applications 6. What is Geothermal Energy? Geo (Greek for earth) Thermal (heat) Temp. Temperature Increases With Depth Gradient 5. F / Mile (1. 7- 3.

C / km) Basic Geothermal Systems Take Advantage of Heat Differential Between Ground and Indoor Air Temperatures Heat Pump Earth as a Natural Heat Source Power Plants 8. Types of Geothermal Resources? Geothermal Sources are Classified Based on (1) Temperature, (2) Physical State of H2. Early 1. 80. 0s Yellowstone Hot Springs and Hot Springs Arkansas 1. Commercial Use Asa Thompson sold Bath in Wooden Tub for 1 1. History of Geothermal Energy Contd. In 1. 85. 2, the Geysers Resort Hotel in San Fran.

2 Combustion Fundamentals To understand the fonnation ofpollutants in combustion systems, we must first under­ stand the nature ofthe fuels being burned, the. Combustion / k .

CA opened 1. 08 Years later, 1st Geothermal Electricity Plant Opened at the Same Location The Gysers 1. Basic Types of Geothermal Reservoirs 3 General Classes of Geothermal Uses Ground Source Heat Pump Direct Source Commercial Electricity Generation Power Plants Need High Capacity Geothermal Reservoir Generally Water / Steam gt. F 1. 2Types of Reservoirs Contd. Low Temperature Reservoirs Available almost anywhere on earth Predominantly Used for Heat Pumps Space Heating Other Common Uses Hot Water Production Piped Under Roads / Sidewalks (Klamath Falls, Oregon) In Greenhouses to Grow Flowers, etc. Industrial Uses dry wood, pasteurize milk, grow fish, etc. Types of Reservoirs Contd. High Temperature Reservoirs Availability Can Occur Within a Couple of Miles of Earths Surface Where Earths Crust Is Very Thin i.

Closer to Molten Magma at Core Suitable for Commercial Production of Electricity Power Plants Need High Capacity Geothermal Reservoir Water / Steam gt. F (1. 05. C) Greatest Potential for Energy Output 1. What Makes a Good Geothermal Reservoir for Generating Electricity?

Hot Geothermal Fluids Near Surface (lt. Preferably in Excess of 3. F, but Electrical Generation Is Occurring at Temps. In the Low 2. 00s.

F. Proximity to Population Base Low Mineral and Gas Content Location on Private Land Proximity to Transmission Lines 1. Needed Technology Are We Talking Simple, Existing Technology or Star Wars? Answer Both. Technology for HVAC in All Bldgs.

Deep) Geothermal Reservoirs Already Exists and Is Proven Drawback Number of Electricity Sources Is Limited Technology for Tapping Deep (gt. Miles), Hot Dry Sources and Magma Is Not Yet Available Positive Unlimited, Renewal Resource 1. The Geothermal Heat Pump.

Most Basic Form of Geothermal Usage What takes advantage of stored heat of near surface soil / water (Const. U- shaped pipe Horizontal Inst. Homes, Schools, Commercial Complexes, and Industrial Facilities Water Heating for Hot Water Desuperheaters uses heat from heat pumps compressor to heat facilitys hot water Second Heat Exchanger dedicated to hot water 2. HEAT PUMPS WHAT DO THEY COSTApprox. A 3- ton gas- fired furnace and air conditioner would cost approx. Positive Cash Flow Investment Monthly Energy Savings Likely to Exceed the Monthly Finance Charge for Borrowing the Additional 3,5.

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS DO THEY WORK? EPA Study Conducted in 6 Different Climate Conditions. Named Heat Pump as Most Efficient Heating and Cooling System Reduction in Energy Consumption of 2. Over Older, Conventional Systems Lowest Annual Operating Costs Little Pollution Produced 2. HEAT PUMP EFFECTIVENESS IN VARIOUS CILMATESCold Climate - Minnesota House Owned by Dennis Eichinger 3,4.

Avg. Monthly Energy Bill - 4. Warm Climate FL House Owned by Keith Swilley 2,0. Yearly Energy Bill - 2. Energy Value Housing Award 2. Adobe Lightroom Keyboard Shortcuts Windows 2012 on this page. What do home Owners Say?

Even Temperature no cold spots, no fluctuation Quite Operation Low Maintenance Few Moving Parts systems typically last 3. MW of Heating Cooling. Approx. Savings of 3. MM barrels oil/yr.

TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTSDifferent Types of Plants are Required to Take Advantage of the Particular Characteristics of Each Specific Geothermal Site Main Types of Geothermal Power Plants Dry Steam Flash Steam Binary Cycle 2. Dry Steam Geothermal Plants. Uses Steam From Geothermal Reservoir Directly Only Requires Removal of Rock Fragments From Steam Prior to Entering Turbines Only Emissions Are Water Vapor 2. Dry Steam Geothermal Plants Contd.

The Geysers in CA Opened in 1. After 3. 0 yrs. 7. Why Havent We Built More Dry Steam Geothermal Plants? Pro Lowest Technology Required Lowest Capital Costs Con Ideal Conditions Required Few Sites Available (Very Rare) in U. S. 2. 9Flash Steam Geothermal Power Plants.

Injection of Deep, High- pressure Water Into Low- pressure Tanks Water Flashes to Steam Used to Drive Turbines Excess Water Returned to Maintain Pressure in Reservoir 3. Flash Steam Plants Contd. Steamboat Springs, NV Plant Initial Conditions Liquid H2. O . Fluids (i. e., Propane or Isobutane) Which Is Vaporized (Flashed) 3. Binary Cycle Plants Contd. Higher Capital Cost Needs High Efficiency Equip.

Water Never Contacts Turbine/generator Units Water Returned Directly to Reservoir No Plant Emissions! Benefits of Geothermal Power Generation. Little to No Pollution Flash Plants Emit Only Excess Steam Binary Plants Have No Air or Liquid Emissions! Expected to Be Dominant Type in Future Lake County Home of The Geysers Geothermal Plants is One of the Only Counties to Meet CAs Stringent Air Quality Standards. Benefits of Geothermal Power Contd. Emission of Low Quantities of Greenhouse Gasses Homegrown Decreases Dependency On Foreign Energy 3.

Benefits of Geothermal Power Contd. As Opposed to Burning Fossil Fuels, Current Geothermal Use Prevents the Yearly Emission of. MM tons of CO2 2. SO2 8. 0k tons of NOx 1. Particulates 3. 6Benefits of Geothermal Power Contd. Some Plants Produce Scale Which Is High in Minerals (Zinc and S) But, The Minerals are Now Recyclable and Can be Sold For a Profit! No Fuel Usage (storage, transfer, disposal, mining) 3.

Benefits of Geothermal Power Contd. Reliability. 1 Plants Have Very Little Down Time - Avg. Availability is 9. Coal and Nuclear Plants 3. Benefits of Geothermal Power Contd. Another Aspect of Resource Reliability Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park Plants Have Been In Use in Italy Since 1. New Zealand Since 1.

CA Since 1. 96. 0 3. Benefits of Geothermal Power Contd. Minimal Land Use Compared to Other Energy Sources Requires 4.

M2 of Land Per GW of Power Over a 3. Year Period. 1 Compare That to Coal and Nuclear Plants Which Require Land for Plant, Mining for Fuel, Storage of Fuel and Wastes, Etc. Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy Contd. Start- up Costs Are High Geothermal Plants Require Significant Capital Expenditures, But the Fuel Is Free Cost - 1,5. Installed k. W Depending on Plant Size, Resource Temp.

And Chemistry. 1 Cost Of Power to Consumer Currently, 0. Kwh. 2 Needs to Be 0. Be Competitive 4.

Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy Contd.